Latihan Aerobik Intensitas Sedang Dengan Diet Rendah Kolesterol Lebih Baik Dalam Memperbaiki Kognitif Daripada Intensitas Ringan Pada Penderita Sindroma Metabolik
Abstract
Latar belakang: Sindroma metabolik merupakan sekumpulan faktor resiko penyebab terjadinya atherosklerosis. Adanya mikroemboli kolesterol dari plak karotis dianggap sebagai satu mekanisme yang dapat mengganggu kognitif. Latihan aerobik adalah salah satu intervensi yang dapat memperbaiki fungsi kognitif. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui latihan aerobik intensitas sedang dengan diet kolesterol lebih baik dalam memperbaiki kognitif daripada intensitas ringan pada penderita sindroma metabolik. Metode: Metode penelitian ini eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized control trial pre and post test design. Sampel sebanyak 26 penderita sindroma metabolik. Sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama diberikan latihan intensitas ringan sedangkan kelompok kedua diberikan latihan intensitas sedang yang keduanya ditambah dengan diet rendah kolesterol. Penelitian dilakukan selama dua belas minggu di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Subyek penelitian dengan rentang usia 45-55 tahun, indeks masa tubuh dengan rentangan 23-29. Hasil: Hasil statistik uji beda sebelum dan sesudah kelompok perlakuan aerobik intensitas ringan dengan diet rendah kolesterol menggunakan uji paired sampel t-test didapatkan hasil p= 0,001 (p<0,05). Uji beda sebelum dan sesudah kelompok perlakuan aerobik intensitas sedang dengan diet rendah kolesterol menggunakan Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test dengan p=0,001 (p<0,05). Uji beda sesudah perlakuan kelompok aerobik intensitas ringan dan sedang dengan diet rendah kolesterol menggunakan Mann-Whitney U dengan p=0,005 (p<0,05) bermakna terdapat perbedaan antara kedua kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok latihan aerobik sedang dengan diet rendah kolesterol 22,1% lebih meningkatkan kognitif dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan aerobik intensitas ringan dengan diet rendah kolesterol. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah kelompok perlakuan aerobik intensitas sedang dengan diet rendah kolesterol lebih baik dalam memperbaiki kognitif daripada aerobik intensitas ringan dengan diet rendah kolesterol.
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Kata kunci: Sindroma metabolik, fungsi kognitif, latihan aerobik
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Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors causing atherosclerosis. The presence of cholesterol mikroemboli carotid plaque is considered as one of the mechanisms that can interfere with cognitive. Aerobic exercise is one of the interventions that can improve cognitive function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the aerobic exercise of moderate intensity with more cholesterol diet improve cognitive rather than light intensity in patients with metabolic syndrome. Method: The experimental research method to design randomized control trial of pre and post test design. Sample of 26 patients with metabolic syndrome. samples were divided into two groups. The first group was given exercise intensity light with a low cholesterol diet (n = 13) while the second group was given moderate intensity exercise with low-cholesterol diet (n = 13).Characteristics of study subjects with age range of 45-55 years old, with a body mass index 23-29 range. Data before and after the treatment with a light intensity aerobic low cholesterol diet obtained p> 0.05 normally, while the data before and after the treatment of moderate-intensity aerobic with low cholesterol diet p <0.05 distribution is not normal. Different test groups before and after treatment with a mild intensity aerobic low cholesterol diet using paired sample t-test test showed 0,001 (p <0,05). Different test before and after the treatment of moderate-intensity aerobic with low cholesterol diet results obtained using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test 0,001 (p <0,05). Different test groups after the treatment of mild and moderate intensity aerobics with low cholesterol diet results obtained using the Mann-Whitney U 0,005 (p <0.05) there is a significant difference between treatment groups with a light aerobic low-cholesterol diet with moderate intensity aerobic treatment group with a low-cholesterol diet. The conclusion of this research is that the treatment group showed moderate aerobic intensity with a low cholesterol diet improve cognitive more than mild intensity aerobics with low-cholesterol diet.
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Keywords: metabolic syndrome, cognitive function, aerobic exercise
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.47007/fisio.v14i1.1106
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