Pengaruh Malaria Pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Defisiensi Makronutrien Pada Balita
Sari
Abstract
The incidence of Malaria in Indonesia until April 2018 shows a total of 10.7 million people living in medium and high endemic areas of malaria. These areas are the provinces of Papua, West Papua and East Nusa Tenggara. At present, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Health has stated that it is aggressively undertaking efforts to eliminate malaria in 2030.Women in pregnancy are considered vulnerable to suffer from malaria in these endemic areas. Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum and or Plasmodium vivax during pregnancy is 88.2 million (70%) of 125.2 million pregnancies in the world. 54.4 million those pregnancy women came from Malaria endemic areas in Asia Pasific. This paper is a literature review by reporting the results of exploration of articles with keywords: pregnancy, malaria and macronutrients deficiency. Macronutrient deficiency in the presence of maternal malaria infection causes fetal growth and could affect both immune-competence and long-term health. Joint efforts by public health professional with interest in nutrition and parasitologist (Malaria experts) are needed to determine the burden and to find its solution.
Â
Keywords: malaria, nutrition, infants
Â
Abstrak
Kejadian Penyakit Malaria di Indonesia, hingga April 2018 menunjukkan sebesar 10,7 juta penduduk yang tinggal di daerah endemis menengah dan tinggi Malaria. Daerah tersebut adalah provinsi Papua, Papua Barat dan Nusa Tenggara Timur. Saat ini pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes) menyatakan sedang gencar melakukan upaya-upaya eliminasi Malaria pada tahun 2030. Ibu hamil dianggap rentan menderita Malaria di daerah-daerah endemis tersebut. Kejadian Malaria akibat Plasmodium falciparum dan atau Plasmodium vivax selama kehamilan sebanyak 88,2 juta (70%) dari 125.200.000 kehamilan di dunia. 54.4 juta jiwa ibu hamil yang terjangkit berasal dari kawasan endemik Malaria di Asia-Pasifik.Tulisan ini merupakan kajian pustaka dengan melaporkan hasil eksplorasi artikel-artikel dengan kata kunci: pregnancy (kehamilan), Malaria dan deficiency macronutrient (kekurangan makronutrien). Keadaan kekurangan makronutrien dan adanya infeksi maternal malaria menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi terhambat, meningkatkan resiko terkena infeksi dan kematian pada bayi dan balita, juga kesehatannya di masa yang akan datang. Perlunya kerjasama ahli-ahli parasitologi dan kesehatan masyarakat dengan spesialisasi nutrisi untuk menentukan besarnya masalah dan merancang solusinya.
Â
Kata Kunci:malaria, nutrisi, bayi
Teks Lengkap:
PDF (English)Referensi
Daftar Pustaka
Atwell JE, Thumar B, Robinson LI et al. 2015. Impact of placental malaria and hypergamaglobulinemia on transplacental transfer of respiratory syncytial virus antibody in Papua new guinea. Journal Infectious Diseases 2015, 213 (3) 423 – 431.
Black RE, Victoria CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low income and middle income countries. Lancet. 2013, 382 (9890) 427 – 451.
Borgella S, Fiefer N, Huynh BT et al. Impact of pregnancy – associated malaria on infantmalaria infection in southern Bernin. PloS One. 2013; 8 (11) 80624.
Chico RM, Mayaud P et al. Prevalence of Malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infection in pregnancy in Sub Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2012; 307 (19) 2079 – 2086.
Christian P, Mullany LC, Hurley KM, Katz J, Black RE. Nutrition and maternal , neonatal and child health. Prosiding Seminar Perinatalogy. 2015; 39 (5); 361 -372
Desai M, Mc Gready, Newman. 2007. Epidemiology and burden of Malaria in Pregnancy. Lancet. Infectious Diseases Journal. 2007 (2) 93 – 104.
Ferreira E, Alexandre MA, Salinas JL, et al. Association between anthropometry- based nutritional status and malaria: a systematic reviews of observational studies. Malar Journal. 2015;14 (1):346.
Fillol F, Sarr JB, Boulanger D et al. Impact of child malnutrition on the specific anti-plasmodium falciparum antibody response. Malar Journal. 2009; 8; 116.
Gernand AD, Christian P, Paul RR, Shaikh S et al. Maternal weight and body composition during pregnancy are associated with placental and birth weight in rural Bangladesh. Journal Nutrition 2012; 142 (1) 2010 – 6.
Indrawanti R. Malaria dan Ibu Hamil. Disertasi. 2018. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta.
Kozuki N, Katz J, Lee AC, Vogel JP et al. Short maternal stature increases the risk of small-for-gestational-age and pre-term births in low- and middle-income countries:individual participant data meta-analysis and population attributable fraction. Journal Nutrition. 2015; 145 (11): 2542 – 2550.
Luxemburger C, McGready R, Kham A et al. Effects of malaria during pregnancy on infant mortality in an area of low malaria transmission. American Journal Epidemiology. 2001; 154(5): 459 -465.
Malhotra I, McKibben M, Mungai P et al. Effect of antenatal parasitic infections on anti-vaccine IgG levels in children: a prospective birth cohort study in Kenya. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2015; 9 (1) 0003466
Rayco-Solon P, Fulford AJ, Prentice AM. Differential effects of seasonality on preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction in rural Africans. American Journal Clinical Nutrition. 2005; 81 (1): 134 – 139.
Unger HW, Wangnapi RA, Ome-Kaius M et al. Azithromycin containing intermittentpreventive treatment in pregnancy affects gestational weight gain, an important predictor of birthweight in Papua New Guinea an exploratory analysis. Maternal Child Nutrition Journal. 2015.
Walker PG, Ter Kulie FO, Garske T, Menendez C, Ghani AC. Estimated Risk od Placental Infection and Low Birthweight Attributable to Plasmodium Fakiparum in Africa in 2010: AModelling Study. Lancet. Global Health. 2014: 7 (2) 93-104
World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Women’s Children’s and Adolescents’ Health 2016-2030. Geneva-WHO. 2015
World Health Organization. Maternal Anthropometry and Pregnancy Outcome. A WHO Collaborative Study. WHO. 1995;73: supplement 1 – 98.
World Health Organization. World Malaria Report. WHO. November. 2017.
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
VISIT COUNTER:
Â
Â