SARS-Cov-2: Virologi dan Target Obat

Aprilita Rina Yanti Eff

Abstract


Pandemi COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) menimbulkan tantangan bagi para peneliti dalam mengidentifikasi obat yang efektif untuk pencegahan maupun pengobatan Covid-19. Pengetahuan yang berkembang pesat mengenai virologi SARS-CoV-2 memberikan informasi sejumlah besar target obat yang potensial. Banyak terapi telah dilaporkan efektif menghambat replikasi SARS-CoV-2 sejak merebaknya pandemi ini. Target utama pada obat-obat ini adalah protein esensial dalam siklus hidup virus. Beberapa obat saat ini direkomendasikan untuk pasien COVID-19 yang memiliki gejala sedang hingga berat, termasuk obat antivirus Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Baricitinib dan Kortikosteroid. Pendekatan saat ini untuk terapi COVID-19 umumnya terbagi dalam dua kategori: antivirus yang mencegah virus bereplikasi dan imunomodulator yang membantu sistem kekebalan untuk melawan virus. Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan tantangan dan krisis kesehatan global. Oleh karena itu sangat dibutuhkan kecepatan dan jumlah uji klinis obat-obat yang potensial untuk Covid-19.  Sampai saat ini belum ada terapi yang terbukti efektif dalam mengobati covid-19.


References


Kumar P, Kumar P, Choudhary K, Thakur N. Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;883(January):1–13.

Ahmad S. A Review of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention. Eurasian J Med Oncol. 2020;4(2):116–25.

Parasher A. COVID-19: Current understanding of its Pathophysiology, Clinical presentation and Treatment. Postgrad Med J. 2021;97(1147):312–20.

Gil C, Ginex T, Maestro I, Nozal V, Barrado-Gil L, Cuesta-Geijo MÁ, et al. COVID-19: Drug Targets and Potential Treatments. J Med Chem. 2020;63(21):12359–86.

Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc. 2020;323(18):1824–36.

Beyls C, Martin N, Hermida A, Abou-Arab O, Mahjoub Y. Lopinavir-Ritonavir Treatment for COVID-19 Infection in Intensive Care Unit: Risk of Bradycardia. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2020;(August):862–5.

Dorward J, Gbinigie K. Lopinavir/ritonavir: A rapid review of effectiveness in COVID-19 [Internet]. The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Evidence Service to support the COVID-19 response. 2020 [cited 2021 Jul 14]. Available from: https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/lopinavir-ritonavir-a-rapid-review-of-the-evidence-for-effectiveness-in-treating-covid/

Rusdi MS. Mini Review: Farmakologi pada Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). Lumbung Farm J Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2021;(103):54–61.

Wu R, Wang L, Kuo HCD, Shannar A, Peter R, Chou PJ, et al. An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19. Curr Pharmacol Reports. 2020;6(3):56–70.

Chiba S. Effect of early oseltamivir on outpatients without hypoxia with suspected COVID-19. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021;133(7–8):292–7.

Huang H, Guan L, Yang Y, Grange JM Le, Tang G, Xu Y, et al. Chloroquine, arbidol (umifenovir) or lopinavir/ritonavir as the antiviral monotherapy for COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study. Res Sq. 2020;1–15.

Rossignol J. Nitazoxanide: A first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Antiviral Res. 2020;110(January):94–103.

Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, Mehta AK, Zingman BS, Kalil AC, et al. Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(19):1813–26.

Joshi S, Parkar J, Ansari A, Vora A, Talwar D, Tiwaskar M, et al. Role of favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2021;102:501–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.069

Schreiber G. The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;11(September):8–10.

Butler CC, Dorward J, Yu LM, Gbinigie O, Hayward G, Saville BR, et al. Azithromycin for community treatment of suspected COVID-19 in people at increased risk of an adverse clinical course in the UK (PRINCIPLE): a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10279):1063–74.

Schlesinger N, Firestein BL, Brunetti L. Colchicine in COVID-19: an Old Drug, New Use. Curr Pharmacol Reports. 2020;6(4):137–45.

Annane D. Corticosteroids for COVID-19. J Intensive Med. 2021;1–25.

Adebisi YA, Jimoh ND, Ogunkola IO, Uwizeyimana T, Olayemi AH, Ukor NA, et al. The use of antibiotics in COVID-19 management: a rapid review of national treatment guidelines in 10 African countries. Trop Med Health [Internet]. 2021;49(1):51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34162445%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC8220112

Kragholm K, Torp-Pedersen C, Fosbol E. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol [Internet]. 2021;3(7):e465–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00144-2

Chaccour C, Casellas A, Blanco-Di Matteo A, Pineda I, Fernandez-Montero A, Ruiz-Castillo P, et al. The effect of early treatment with ivermectin on viral load, symptoms and humoral response in patients with non-severe COVID-19: A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;32.

Kim M, Knoepfler PS. Anticipated impact of stem cell and other cellular medicine clinical trials for COVID-19. Regen Med. 2021;16(6):525–33.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.47007/ap.v3i2.4380

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


   

Lembaga Penerbitan Universitas Esa Unggul
Jalan Arjuna Utara No 9 Kebon Jeruk Jakarta 11510
Telp : 021 5674223 ext 266
email : [email protected]

 

 

Web Analytics View My Stats