KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN DAN SKILL PREMIUM : BUKTI EMPIRIS DI INDONESIA

Noorish Heldini

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi dampak keterbukaan perdagangan terhadap skill premium bedasarkan intensitas teknologi. Keterbukaan perdagangan dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan investasi asing (FDI). FDI umumnya ikut membawa teknologi yang digunakan di negara di negara asal. Ketika investasi asing masuk dari negara maju yang memiliki tingkat teknologi lebih tinggi ke negara berkembang yang memiliki tingkat teknologi lebih rendah, negara berkembang akan mengalami peningkatan teknologi. Karena teknologi umumnya berkomplementer dengan tenaga kerja ahli, masuknya investasi asing dari negara yang memiliki teknologi lebih tinggi menyebabkan perubahan struktur permintaan tenaga kerja dimana permintaan tenaga kerja ahli lebih tinggi dari tenaga kerja tidak ahli (skill premium naik). Penelitian ini ikut mempertimbangkan intensitas teknologi yang digunakan karena diduga intensitas teknologi membawa dampak yang berbeda antar perusahaan. Untuk menjawab hal tersebut, penelitian ini  Menggunakan data level perusahaan sektor manufaktur tahun 2003-2015, hasil FE-IV menunjukkan bahwa dampak keterbukaan perdagangan melalui variable FDI menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan yang menerima investasi asing minimal 10 persen memiliki skill premium yang lebih tinggi, baik perusahaan yang berada di industri berintensitas teknologi tinggi maupun industri berintensitas teknologi rendah.

Kata kunci : ketimpangan upah, keterbukaan perdagangan, skill premium, investasi asing


Keywords


ketimapangan upah, skill premium, intensitas teknologi, keterbukaan perdagangan

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.47007/jeko.v12i02.3659

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