Kombinasi Neuro Developmental Trearment dan Sensory Integration Lebih Baik Daripada Hanya Neuro Development Treatment Untuk Meningkatkan Keseimbangan Berdiri Anak Down Syndrom

Abstract

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Masalah kesehatan pada anak berkebutuhan khusus ada yang dibawa sejak lahir atau kongenital seperti down syndrome. Pada anak down syndrome sering ditemukan adanya gangguan keseimbangan berdiri yang menyebabkan ia tidak dapat mempertahankan postur tubuh terhadap gangguan yang datang. Jika ini dibiarkan tentu akan menimbulkan permasalahan perkembangan motorik selanjutnya. Fisioterapi mempunyai metode neuro developmental treatment dan sensory integration. Tujuan: Dalam hal ini penulis ingin membandingkan kombinasi neuro developmental treatment dan sensory integration dengan neuro developmental treatment pada anak down syndrome dengan permasalahan keseimbangan berdiri. Metode: Metode penelitian ini eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian randomized pre and post test group design. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 18 anak down syndrome yang mengalami permasalahan keseimbangan berdiri dan waktu penelitian selama dua bulan. Kelompok dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu kelompok-1 (neuro developmental treatment) dan kelompok-2 (neuro developmental treatment dan sensory integration). Instrumen pengukuran yang digunakan adalah sixteen balance test yang di ukur sebelum perlakuan (0-session) dan sesudah perlakuan (6-session) pada masing-masing subjek. Hasil: Hasil pada penelitian ini didapatkan data deskriptif sampel pada kedua kelompok dengan usia 2-4 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan, tinggi badan 70-85 cm dan berat badan 8-13 kg. Data sebelum dan setelah perlakuan kelompok-1 berdistribusi normal. Kemudian data sebelum dan setelah perlakuan kelompok-2 berdistribusi normal. Berdasarkan uji kompabilitas kedua variabel pada kedua kelompok, pengujian hipotesis menggunakan data setelah perlakuan. Variabel sixteen balance test pada kedua kelompok menggunakan uji hipotesis independent sample t-test didapatkan nilai p = 0,034. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan yang didapatkan nilai p<0,05. Nilai tersebut menjelaskan kombinasi neuro developmental treatment dan sensory integration lebih baik daripada hanya neuro developmental treatment untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan berdiri anak down syndrome.

 Kata kunci: neuro developmental treatment, sensory integration, down syndrome

 

Abstract

Background: One of health problem in child with special need is existed at birth (congenital), such as Down Syndrome. Child with down syndrome often get balance disturbance in stand which causes he cannot keep the body posture from the disturbance. This condition may causes the problem with his further motor development. There is neuro developmental treatment and sensory integration method in physiotherapy. Objective: The study aims to compare the combination of  neuro developmental treatment and sensory integration with neuro developmental treatment in child with down syndrome who get balance disturbance in stand. Method: The study is an experimental research using randomized pre and post-test group design. The samples were 18 children with down syndrome which got balance disorder in stand. The study spent two months. There were two groups. The group one was treated using neuro developmental treatment and group two was used neuro developmental treatment and sensory integration. The Measuring instrument used  sixteen balance test which was included pre (0-session) and post (6-session) test for each subject. Result: The descriptive data for both of groups are age: 2-4 years old children with down syndrome, sex: male and female, height: 70-85 cm and weight: 8-13 kg. The pre-test data of group one does not show normal distribution, but the post-test data shows normal distribution. Both of  pre-test and post-test data of  group two show normal distribution. According to compatibility test to both of groups, the hypothesis test used post-test data. The variable of sixteen balance test that used independent sample t-test both of groups which p value= 0,034. This study has two conclusions. Conclusion: First conclusion is got from the percentage of static sixteen balance test variable which  shows p value < 0,05. The value illustrates that the using the combination of neuro developmental treatment and sensory integration is better than just using neuro developmental treatment to improve  the balance of stand.

 Keywords: neuro developmental treatment, sensory integration, down syndrome