Pelatihan Terpadu (Kegel dan Core Stability) Meningkatkan Kekuatan Otot Dasar Panggul Wanita Multipara

Sri Kustini

Abstract


Abstrak

Latar Belakang : Kekuatan otot dasar panggul (ODP) menurun setelah hamil dan melahirkan pervaginam terutama pada wanita multipara. Kelemahan ODP bisa meng-akibatkan gangguan berkemih, prolap organ pelvis, dan disfungsi seksual. Kelemahan ODP bisa dikuatkan kembali dengan pelatihan penguatan ODP dan sudah teruji manfaatnya bila dilakukan secara benar tanpa menggunakan otot-otot penunjang lain-nya. Pelatihan terpadu (Kegel dan core stability) lebih selektif untuk meningkatkan kekuatan ODP. Otot dasar panggul dan otot transversus abdominus  merupakan grup otot core yang telah diketahui merupakan bagian dari sistem stabilitas lumbo-pelvis. Komponen yang lain adalah diafragma thorak dan otot multividus. Meningkatnya aktifitas otot transversus abdominus sinergis dengan meningkatnya aktivitas otot dasar panggul. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pelatihan terpadu (Kegel dan core stability) meningkatkan kekuatan ODP. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian true experimental, randomized pre and post test group design.. Dari 24 wanita multipara usia 28-49 tahun karyawan R.S Setia Mitra yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dibagi dua kelompok perlakuan secara random sama banyak. Kelompok perlakuan I diberi pelatihan ODP (metode Kegel) dan kelompok perlakuan II diberi pelatihan terpadu (Kegel dan Core stability). Pelatihan dilakukan 3x per minggu selama 8 minggu. Semua sampel diwajibkan pula melakukan pelatihan penguatan ODP sendiri  sambil melakukan aktivitas sehari-harinya. Sebelum dan setelah 8 minggu pelatihan semua sampel diukur kekuatan ODP dengan pelvixiser perineumeter. Hasil : Kekuatan ODP Kelompok perlakuan I sebelum pelatihan didapat nilai rerata 11 (±2,86) dan sesudah pelatihan 15,33 (±3,025) berbeda secara bermakna (p<0,005). Pada kelompok perlakuan II sebelum pelatihan didapat nilai rerata 11,08(±4,87) dan setelah perlakuan didapatkan nilai rerata 19,58(± 3,025) berbeda secara bermakna (p<0,05). Nilai rerata selisih kekuatan ODP kelompok perlakuan I 4,67(±0,253), sedang kelompok perlakuan II mempunyai nilai rerata selisih 8,58(±0,144) berbeda secara bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan : Pelatihan terpadu (Kegel dan  core stability) lebih efektif meningkatkan kekuatan ODP wanita multipara dibandingkan pelatihan ODP (metode Kergel). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan  dapat disosialisasikan kepada semua wanita yang mempunyai gangguan inkontinensia urin, prolaps organ pelvis, dan disfungsi seksual dan diharapkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai dasar penelitian lebih lanjut.

Kata kunci: core stability, pelatihan ODP, kekuatan ODP

 

Abstract

Background : The strength of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) is decrease after pregnancy and childbirth pervaginam especially multiparous women. The PFM weakness will cause incontinence urine, prolaps organ pelvic, and sexual disfunction. The weakness of this muscles can be strengthened by training for the PFM strengthening has tested the benefit, if it is done well without using any other muscles. The comprehasive training (Kegel and Core stability) more selective to increases strengthen of PFM,  because pelvic floor muscles and transversus abdominus are the one groups from core muscles and are known to be part of the  local muscle system of lumbo pelvic stability beside diaphragma thorax and multividus muscles. Increase in the transversus abdominal muscle activity is synergistic with increase PFM activity. Objective : This research to know that the comprehensive training (Kegel and Core stability) could be increase in strengthen PFM for the parous women. Method : This research was true experimental with randomize pre and post test group design. The 24 multipara women works as workers in Setia Mitra hospital, the age between 28-49 years old, loaded the inclusive criteria, was allocated into the two groups on the same amount. The first one (I) get the PFM training (Kegels method), and the second group (group II) get the comprehasive training (Kegel and Core stability). This training is held instead of groups, on each group for eight weeks long, with 3x frequency per week.  All off the samples must have exercises to strengthen pelvic floor every time at home or anywhere they are, while doing the activity of theirs daily living. All of the samples before and after 8 weeks train to be measured the strength of the PFM with pelvixeser perineumeter. Result : Pelvic floor muscle strengthen in the group I, before train have average value 11,00(±2,86),  after eight weeks given training 15,33(±3,02) there were significant difference (p<0,05). In the group II, before train have average value 11,08(±4,87),  after 8 weeks given training 19,58(±413) there were significant difference (p<0,05). The average unequal value in group I have 4,67(± 0,253) and after 8 weeks given training have 8,58(±0,144) there were significant difference (p<0,05). Congclution : The comprehensive training (Kegel and Core stability) more significant to increases the pelvic floor muscles strengthening for multiparous woman than the pelvic floor muscles training (Kegels method). This result is expected to be useful for the socialization for this pelvic floor muscle train to all women who have incontinence urine, prolaps organ pelvic and dysfunction sexual, beside to be used as a fundamental for further research.

Keyword: core stability, Pelvic floor muscles train, Pelvic floor muscle strengthen


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.47007/fisio.v11i1.634

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