MODEL IMPLEMENTASI PERILAKU CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN PADA IBU-IBU DI KAMPUNG NELAYAN MUARA ANGKE, JAKARTA UTARA

Abstract

Abstract

Hand washing using soap behavior is part of hygiene and healthy behavior at the household as an effort to empower members of the household to accept, willing, and able to do health and hygiene behaviors. Based on the survey of the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) in 2004, it was found that people who washed their hands with soap at five critical times (before preparing food, before feeding a child, before eating, after cleaning child defecation and after defecation) less than 15%. Based on the results of Basic Health Research, it was found that the percentage of hand washing with soap not yet reached 50%. The results of the WHO study (2007) showed that the incidence of diarrhea can be decreased by 45% with the practice of hand washing with soap. Coastal communities including Muara Angke Fishing Village have high health risks that need special attention in health development efforts.  The purpose of this study is to develop a model for implementing hand washing using soap practice among mothers in Muara Angke Fishing Village, Jakarta. The type of research is analytic studi with cross sectional approach. The population was mothers who have children under five years old in fishing village of Muara Angke, North Jakarta. Sampling technique used is saturation sampling, where the entire population was sampled, with the number of respondents as many as 60 people. The implementation of hand washing using soap practice consists of problem identification, implementation, and evaluation. Communication, Information, and Education program of hand washing using soap are health promotion, group education, media, and the development of multi-sector partnerships.Majority of respondents is 26-35 years old (55%), elementary and secondary education (32.5%), has income Rp 1,000,000.00 to Rp 3,000,000.00 (65%), and has attended health education activities (57.5%). Majority of respondent has good knowledge (65%), good attitude (100%), and good handwashing using soap practice (80%). Educational groups is an effective way to improve knowledge, where knowledge of handwashing using soap increased from an average value score of 6.7 to 8.8. The need for communication, information, and education activities of hand washing using soap continuously and public-private partnership in order to improve knowledge, attitude, and hand washing using soap practice among mothers in Muara Angke Fishing Village, Jakarta.

Keywords: implementation, handwashing, soap.

 

Abstrak

Program cuci tangan pakai sabun merupakan bagian dari Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di rumah tangga sebagai upaya pemberdayaan anggota rumah tangga agar sadar, mau, dan mampu melakukan PHBS. Dengan melakukan PHBS, masyarakat berperan aktif dalam gerakan kesehatan di masyarakat seperti memelihara dan meningkatkan kesehatan, mencegah resiko terjadinya penyakit, dan melindungi diri dari ancaman penyakit (Depkes RI, 2009). Perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia mengingat kondisi kesehatan masyarakat yang pada umumnya masih sangat memprihatinkan, seperti tingginya tingkat kematian dan kesakitan akibat penyakit-penyakit yang berkaitan dengan air, sanitasi serta perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan di kampung nelayan Muara Angke Jakarta pada tahun 2015, didapatkan bahwa ibu-ibu di kampung nelayan Muara Angke memiliki pengetahuan dan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun yang kurang baik. Proses implementasi perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun pada ibu-ibu di kampung nelayan Muara Angke terdiri dari tahap identifikasi masalah, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Upaya-upaya Komunikasi, Informasi, dan Edukasi (KIE) dalam rangka meningkatkan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun pada masyarakat di Kampung Nelayan Muara Angke yaitu penyuluhan kesehatan, edukasi kelompok beserta penyebaran media-media KIE, dan pengembangan kemitraan lintas sektor. Sebagian besar ibu-ibu di kampung nelayan Muara Angke berumur 26-35 tahun (55%), berpendidikan SD dan SMP (32,5%), berpenghasilan Rp 1.000.000,00 sampai dengan Rp 3.000.000,00/bulan (65%), dan pernah mengikuti penyuluhan kesehatan (57,5%). Sebagian besar responden di kampung nelayan Muara Angke memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun (65%), setuju untuk melaksanakan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun (100%), dan memiliki perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun yang baik (80%). Edukasi kelompok merupakan cara yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, dimana adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu-ibu mengenai perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun dari nilai rata-rata skor 6,7 menjadi 8,8. Perlu adanya upaya-upaya komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi yang berkelanjutan serta kemitraan lintas sektor antara pihak-pihak terkait dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun pada ibu-ibu di kampung nelayan Muara Angke, Jakarta Utara.

Kata kunci : implementasi, cuci tangan, sabun