DINAMIKA PERSAINGAN INDUSTRI ASURANSI KERUGIAN DI INDONESIA

Dedy Dewanto

Abstract


Abstract

The role of insurance is very important in development especially the real sector, where the insurance works as risk transfer mechanism giving the peace of mind to the policyholder, besides insurance will also provide social benefit because the employees do not lose their jobs due to disaster (factory fire for example) and participate in helping other industries by capital investment and/or lending and/or adoption several small and medium industries. The dynamics of competition in the general insurance industry seen from the sharp rate competition, which related to underwriting capacity and competitor reinsurance support. Unfair rate competition occurs in motor vehicle insurance, where the national loss ratio is already very high. Here the Government as a regulator intervenes by setting a basic rate as a reference for setting rates for companies. Likewise, the competition for property insurance (fire) rates has also led to unhealthy conditions. The government also intervened in determining the rate of this business. Competition in differentiation is easy to emulate because this is a service company especially for large capitalized companies, so players must always innovate in products, services and infrastructure provision. The dynamics of competition will be analyzed using Porter Generic Competitive Strategy, which will show that the excellence factors are High Capital and Good Human Capital, as well as prominent captive market facilities and know-how special products that can be used as a tool to win the competition. This writing aims to analyze the dynamics of competition in the general insurance industry, especially in Indonesia. By analyzing the steps of the dynamics of competition carried out by players in the market, it is expected to be able to photograph the pattern of competition in the market, which by using competition theories can be explained how a player can survive, going concern, or even excel in competition. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for further research will be made.

 

Keywords: competition dynamics, general insurance, direct business premiums, porter generic strategies

 

Abstrak

Peranan asuransi sangat penting dalam pembangunan khususnya sektor rill, dimana asuransi berfungsi sebagai risk transfer mechanism (mekanisme transfer resiko) yang akan memberikan ketenangan hati dan pikiran (peace of mind) bagi pemilik polis (tertanggung), disamping bahwa asuransi juga akan memberikan social benefit (benefit social) karena pegawai-pegawai tidak kehilangan pekerjaan akibat musibah resiko (kebakaran pabrik misalnya) dan ikut serta membantu dalam industri lainnya lewat penyertaan modal dan/atau pemberian kredit dan/atau menjadi bapak angkat beberapa industri kecil dan menengah. Dinamika Persaingan dalam industri asuransi kerugian terlihat dari persaingan rate yang tajam , dimana terkait dengan kapasitas underwriting dan dukungan reasuransi pesaing. Persaingan rate tidak sehat terjadi pada asuransi kendaraan bermotor,dimana loss ratio nasional sudah sangat tinggi. Disini Pemerintah sebagai regulator turun tangan dengan menetapkan rate dasar sebagai acuan penetapan rate bagi perusahaan. Demikian juga persaingan rate asuransi harta benda (kebakaran) juga sudah mengarah pada kondisi tidak sehat. Pemerintah juga turun tangan dalam penetapan rate bisnis ini.          Persaingan dalam differensiasi mudah ditiru karena ini perusahaan jasa apalagi bagi perusahaan yang bermodal besar, sehingga para pemain harus senantiasa melakukan inovasi dalam produk, layanan dan penyediaan infrastruktur. Dinamika Persaingan akan dianalisa dengan Strategi Kompetitif Generik Porter, dimana akan terlihat bahwa faktor-faktor keunggulan adalah Modal yang besar (High Financial Capital) dan Sumber Daya Manusia yang baik (Good Human Capital), disamping juga fasilitas captive market yang menonjol dan know-how produk special yang bisa dijadikan sebagai alat dalam memenangkan persaingan. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dinamika persaingan di industri asuransi kerugian khususnya di Indonesia. Dengan menganalisa langkah-langkah dinamika persaingan yang dilakukan oleh para pemain di pasar, diharapkan akan dapat memotret pola persaingan di pasar, yang mana dengan memakai teori-teori persaingan dapat dijelaskan bagaimana suatu pemain dapat bertahan, going concern, atau bahkan unggul dalam persaingan. Terakhir akan dibuat kesimpulan dan saran-saran untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.

 

Kata kunci: Dinamika persaingan, asuransi kerugian, premi bisnis langsung, strategi generik porter


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