PENGARUH EDUKASI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN CUCI TANGAN KELUARGA PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT DAAN MOGOT KESDAM JAYA TAHUN 2019

Abstract

Abstract

Dr. Ronald Irwanto said that in developing countries including Indonesia, the prevalence of infection transmission increased to 40% with nosocomial infections which had a higher probability of death of 12% -52%. The high incidence of infections in hospitals can cause a decrease in the quality of medical services, so there is a need for prevention and control (Darmadi, 2008). Based on WHO data every year 100,000 Indonesian children die from diarrhea. While the Ministry of Health data shows that among 1000 population there are 300 people who contract diarrhea throughout the year (Indonesia Health Profile, 2013). The results of the 2014 UNICEF report Indonesia said that 28% of residents washed their hands with soap, 75.5% of people did not wash their hands because they felt their hands were clean, 29% considered washing hands unhealthy and 13.6% considered washing their hands as not important. Data obtained by researchers from interviews in April 2019 were obtained from 15 (100%) patient families. 12 (80%) of them said hand washing was not an important action to do, hand washing did not need to use soap. And 3 (20%) other respondents said hand washing was important, washing their hands was not enough when using water alone. Research Objectives: To determine the effect of education on changes in knowledge of patients' family handwashing at the hospital. Research Methods: This type of research is quantitative research with one group pretest and posttest design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a sample of 43 families of patients selected from one of the nuclear families. Research instruments in the form of a handwashing knowledge questionnaire research data obtained by giving a test twice pretest and posttest. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: The results showed that female sex (69.8%), age between 36-45 (41.9%), educational background were mostly elementary school (44.2%), occupation of the majority of respondents were housewives (48.8%). The majority of respondents lack knowledge (46.5%). After the education was given there was a change in the majority of well-informed (90.7%) results obtained values (p = 0,000) showed that the value was less than 0.05. Conclusion: there is an effect of education on the change in knowledge of patients' family handwashing at Daan Mogot Kesdam Jaya Hospital in 2019. Suggestions: for further researchers to expand the research so that the sample becomes larger and more representative of the existingpopulation.

 

Keywords: Education, knowledge change, hand washing.

 Abstrak

Dr. Ronald Irwanto mengatakan di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia, prevalensi penularan infeksi meningkat hingga 40% yang terjangkit infeksi nosokomial memiliki tingkat probabilitas kematian lebih tinggi 12%-52%. Tingginya angka kejadian infeksi dirumah sakit dapat menyebabkan turunnya kualitas mutu pelayanan medis, sehingga perlu adanya upaya pencegahan dan pengendaliannya (Darmadi, 2008). Berdasarkan data WHO setiap tahun 100.000 anak Indonesia meninggal akibat diare. Sementara data Departemen Kesehatan menunjukkan di antara 1000 penduduk terdapat 300 orang yang terjangkit penyakit diare sepanjang tahun (Profil Kesehatan Indonesia, 2013). Hasil laporan UNICEF Tahun 2014 Indonesia menyebutkan 28% warga mencuci tangan dengan sabun, 75,5% orang tidak mencuci tangan karena merasa tangannya bersih, 29% menganggap cuci tangan tidak sehat dan 13,6% menganggap cuci tangan bukan hal penting. Data yang diperoleh peneliti dari wawancara pada bulan April 2019 didapatkan dari 15 (100%) keluarga pasien. 12 (80%) diantaranya mengatakan cuci tangan bukan tindakan yang penting untuk dilakukan, cuci tangan tidak perlu menggunakan sabun. Dan 3 (20%) responden lainnya mengatakan cuci tangan penting dilakukan, mencuci tangan tidak cukup bila menggunakan air saja. Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi terhadap perubahan pengetahuan cuci tangan keluarga pasien di Rumah Sakit. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan one grup pretest and posttest design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling jumlah sampel 43 keluarga pasien dipilih salah satu dari keluarga inti. Intrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner pengetahuan cuci tangan data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara memberikan test sebanyak dua kali pretest dan posttest. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil Penelitian: didapatkan hasil jenis kelamin perempuan (69.8%), usia antara 36-45 (41.9%), latar belakang pendidikan sebagian besar SD (44.2%), pekerjaan responden mayoritas ibu rumah tangga (48,8%). Mayoritas responden berpengetahuan kurang (46,5%). Setelah edukasi diberikan terdapat perubahan mayoritas berpengetahuan baik (90,7%) didapatkan hasil nilai (p=0,000) angka tersebut menunjukan nilai yang kurang dari 0,05. Kesimpulan: ada pengaruh edukasi terhadap perubahan pengetahuan cuci tangan keluarga pasien di Rumah Sakit Daan Mogot Kesdam Jaya Tahun 2019. Saran: untuk peneliti selanjutnya dapat memperluas penelitian sehingga sempel menjadi lebih besar dan lebih mewakili populasi yangada.

 

Kata kunci : Edukasi, perubahan pengetahuan, cuci tangan.