PENERAPAN INTERVENSI HUMANITER DALAM KASUS PENYERANGAN ISRAEL KE PALESTINA (GAZA) BERDASARKAN HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL

Abstract

Abstract

The Israeli attacks in the Gaza Strip have significantly violated the provisions of International Humanitarian Law. The Israeli military has carried out attacks against civilians, civilian objects, public facilities, and has conducted disproportionate attacks. This research will examine: (1) How the legitimacy of humanitarian intervention is based on International Humanitarian Law; (2) How humanitarian intervention is applied in the case of Israeli attacks on Palestine. This study uses a normative research method and is descriptive in nature. The research findings indicate that: (1) The Charter of the United Nations (UN) prohibits states from intervening in other states as it contradicts the principle of non-intervention (Article 2, Paragraph 7, of the UN Charter) and the equality of sovereignty (Article 2, Paragraph 1, of the UN Charter). Exceptions to intervention may be justified under International Law in cases involving threats to peace, international security, and acts of aggression (Article 51 of the UN Charter); and (2) The UN Security Council has not yet implemented humanitarian intervention in the Israeli-Palestinian armed conflict because Israel considered to be acting in self-defense. The UN's policy is not in accordance with Article 51 of the UN Charter, considering the increasing number of civilian casualties in Gaza. Therefore, a diplomatic effort that the international community can undertake is to facilitate negotiations between member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the United States to ensure peace and independence for Palestine.

Keywords: Armed Conflict, Humanitarian Intervention, International Humanitarian Law

Abstrak

Serangan Israel di jalur Gaza telah banyak melanggar ketentuan dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Tentara Israel telah melakukan penyerangan terhadap penduduk sipil, obyek sipil, fasilitas umum, dan melakukan serangan yang tidak proporsional. Dalam penelitian akan mengkaji mengenai: (1) Bagaimana legitimasi intervensi humaniter berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional; (2) Bagaimana penerapan intervensi humaniter dalam kasus penyerangan Israel ke Palestina. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dan sifat penelitian adalah penulisan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) melarang negara melakukan intervensi terhadap negara lain karena bertentangan dengan prinsip non-intervensi (Pasal 2 ayat (7) Piagam PBB) dan kesamaan kedaulatan (Pasal 2 ayat (1) Piagam PBB). Pengecualian intervensi dapat dibenarkan Hukum Internasional apabila berkenaan dengan ancaman perdamaian, keamanan internasional, dan tindakan agresi (Pasal 51 Piagam PBB); dan (2) Dewan Keamanan PBB belum menerapkan intervensi humaniter dalam konflik bersenjata Israel-Palestina karena Israel dianggap sedang melakukan pertahanan diri (selfdefense). Kebijakan PBB tersebut tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 51 Piagam PBB mengingat semakin banyaknya korban penduduk sipil di Gaza. Untuk itu, upaya diplomatik yang dapat dilakukan masyarakat internasional adalah melakukan negosiasi antara negara anggota Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) dengan Amerika Serikat dalam menjamin perdamaian dan kemerdekaan Palestina.

Kata Kunci: Konflik Bersenjata, Intervensi Humnaiter, Hukum Humaniter Internasional