Asupan Lemak (MUFA), Kalsium, Indeks Massa Tubuh, dan Hipertensi Pada Wanita Postmenopause di Pulau Sumatera (Analisis Data Sekunder Riskesdas 2007)

Abstract

Abstract

Background: RISKESDAS 2007 showed the prevalence of Hypertension is 29,8%. Women suffered from Hypertension more than men. Dietary intake of fat (MUFA) and an adequate calcium are known to prevent Hypertension. Objective: To identify the differences in dietary intake of fat (MUFA), calcium, body mass index, and Hypertension in postmenopausal women in Sumatera. Methods: Data used RISKESDAS 2007, with cross-sectional study and analytical survey design. Total number of samples of postmenopausal women (aged 50-54 years) were studied (n=2107). Statistical analysis used independent sample t-Test. Results: The average age of postmenopausal women in Sumatera is 51 years and 2 months, most of them live in rural areas (59,0%) and urban (41,0%). The average dietary intake of fat (MUFA) is 7,99 g (± 5.738 g), amount to 217.51 mg calcium (± 164.356 mg). The average body mass index of postmenopausal women who studied are 24.12 kg/m² (± 2.5 kg/m²). 46.4% (n=980) postmenopausal women suffering from Hypertension in Sumatra. Based on the results of statistical tests, there are differences in body mass index based on the incidence of Hypertension (p <0.05). There were no differences on dietary intake of fat (MUFA) and calcium based on the incidence of Hypertension (p≥0,05). Conclusion: Modification of a healthier lifestyle is needed by taking into an adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D and do more physical activity in order to prevent an increase in blood pressure which is faster in postmenopausal women whether they live in urban and rural areas because of reduced estrogen hormone.

 

Keywords: MUFA, calcim, BMI

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Hasil Riskesdas 2007 menunjukkan prevalensi kejadian Hipertensi sebesar 29,8%. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, wanita menderita Hipertensi lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Asupan lemak (MUFA), dan kalsium yang cukup diketahui dapat mencegah terjadinya Hipertensi. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan asupan lemak (MUFA), kalsium, indeks massa tubuh, dan Hipertensi pada wanita postmenopause di Pulau Sumatera. Metode Penelitian: Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder RISKESDAS 2007, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah seluruh sampel wanita postmenopause (usia 50-54 tahun) yang diteliti (n=2107). Pengujian statistik menggunakan uji t-test Independent. Hasil: Rata-rata usia wanita postmenopause di Pulau Sumatera adalah 51 tahun 2 bulan, sebagian besar tinggal di wilayah perdesaan (59,0%) dan perkotaan (41,0%). Rata-rata asupan lemak (MUFA) sebesar 7,99 g (±5,738 g), kalsium sebesar 217,51 mg (±164,356 mg). Rata-rata indeks massa tubuh wanita postmenopause yang diteliti sebesar 24,12 Kg/m² (±2,5 Kg/m²). Sebanyak 46,4% (n=980) wanita postmenopause di Pulau Sumatera menderita Hipertensi. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, terdapat perbedaan indeks massa tubuh berdasarkan kejadian Hipertensi (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan asupan lemak (MUFA) dan kalsium berdasarkan kejadian Hipertensi (p≥0,05). Kesimpulan: Modifikasi gaya hidup lebih sehat dengan memperhatikan asupan kalsium, vitamin D dan meningkatkan aktifitas fisik guna mencegah peningkatan tekanan darah yang berlangsung lebih cepat pada wanita postmenopause baik yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan karena berkurangnya hormon esterogen.

 

Kata kunci: MUFA, kalsium, IMT